1. Organic gardening: Gardening in harmony with nature, without synthetic fertilizers and insecticides. Using natural decaying plant and animal waste (such as compost or animal manure) to regenerate and replenish the soil.

2. Raised garden beds: Great for smaller gardens, many advantages including greatly reduced soil compaction (meaning plant roots aren't deprived of the air they need) and easier on the gardener.

3. Intensive gardening: Also known as biodynamic gardening or permaculture. A range of techniques for maximising garden yields, especially in smaller areas. Usually includes raised garden beds.

4. Companion gardening: Many plants grow better when they have a "companion" planted alongside. Each companion plant enhances the health of its companion by providing elements that the other plant needs.

5. Water efficient gardening: A must in dry climates and becoming increasingly important as climate change takes hold.

Of course all these techniques are entirely compatible and can be used together to get the most out of your garden.